Quantitative And Qualitative Research Techniques And Procedures Psychology Essay

valued And soft Research Techniques And Procedures Psychology EssayThe terminus look into is usually implementd interchangeably with investigate, strike, explore examine and comprise inquiries of a specific topic. In general terms, look for dope be defined as the puckering of info, information and facts for the advancement of knowledge. The Princeton University wordnetweb published both(prenominal) interesting definitions of enquiry includingAttempt to find out in a systematically and scientific mannerSystematic probe to establish facts submit into or a search for knowledgeIn the scientific and academician terms however, the common theatrical role of the team tends to refer to the definition of query in a scientific context where it is occasiond to mean acting a orderical correction in order to prove a hypothesis or answer a specific question. This scientific accord and application of interrogation assumes a enquiry mucklele which involves manipulation of the variables in general with exceptional of process that economic consumption case studies and pure empirical comprehension for which this generalization does not unceasingly hold true.Research methods ar technique(s) for gathering information (Harding, 1986) and be generally dichotomized into be either duodecimal or soft. It has been argued that methodology has been gendered (Oakley, 1998), with three-figure methods traditionally being associated with words much(prenominal) as positivism, scientific, objectivity, statistics and masculinity. In contrast, qualitative methods withdraw generally been associated with beive, non-scientific, guinea pigivity and femininity.C. R. Kothari categories look into methods into three main types depending on purpose, atomic number 18a of focalisation and research t ane-beginningi. Depending on its purpose, research is said to be exploratory research which is likewise divided into two subtypes of descriptive and analytical research . This type of research is purposed to and incorporated to identify modernistic problems or affinitys betwixt phenomena. Thus, it is aimed at describing the state of affairs as it inhabits and it is usually done through survey to tick new facts which ar canvas to find new connectionsii. Based on the focus and the result of the research process, we do find the Constructive research as well as known as applied research. This type of research is used to demote solutions to practical problem at hand. In this same category, there is observational research through which researchers tests the feasibility of a solution using discoered data third. Based on the admission, research can also be categorized as qualitative or numeric. This categorization is based on the research methods used. The choice between the two is based on the properties of the subject matter and or the mark of the research. (C. R. Kothari 2004). Those two atomic number 18 the most ordinarily used categor isations and form the main schools of panorama in research. Although they ar ordinarily used to reduceher in complex research processes, the merits of one of over the other hotly debated especially in the arena of social science research.Due to the scope and space limitation, I do not specialise to cover the entire field of scientific research. The reminder of this paper draw a blank alone therefore focus on the examination of these two methods in iii above Looking their key characteristics, date collection and psychoanalysis methods, and identifying the various(prenominal) advantages and disadvantages, validity train and the discussing the contemporary usefulness on the two methods in the research process. denary Research Techniques and Procedures soft analysis is a process that is oftentimes the precursor to denary, statistical work a process to gather the tacit underpinnings of an issue explicit a process you can use to deepen your intellectual of complex social and human factors that cannot be unsounded with numbers a process that helps you figure out what to count and what to posting (Kerlin, 1999, p. 1).Some of the common methods of carrying out vicenary research are surveys and observations. Surveys are commonly carried out either the respondent or the researcher fill in questionnaires. musical composition observational research involves the research watching or observing various behaviors and patterns. Mary other distinguishable kinds of quantitative research methods are used besides the surveys and observations. More complicated forms of quantitative research are experimental research or mathematical modelling research (Peter J.P. Donnelly J.H, 2000).In the social sciences, quantitative research refers to the systematic empirical investigation of quantitative properties and phenomena and their relationships. The process will involve the development and use of the send issueent mathematical models, theories and/or hypotheses p ertaining to phenomena to measure empirical observation and mathematical tone that evidence the quantitative relationships.Although this research approach is commonly used in the social sciences such as psychology, sociology and anthropology, quantitative research mathematical sciences such as physics is also quantitative by definition, though this use of the term differs in context. In the social sciences, the term relates to empirical methods, originating in both philosophical positivism and the history of statistics, which contrast qualitative research methods. (http//en.wikipedia.org)One of the key characteristic of quantitative research is that it Involves analysis of data like numerical date, word, pictures and objects. (Miles Huberman (1994)Qualitative Research Techniques and ProceduresQualitative research is a generic term for investigative methodologies described as ethnographic, naturalistic, anthropological, field, or role player observer research. It emphasizes the i mportance of looking at variables in the natural compass in which they are found. Interaction between variables is important. Detailed data is poised through open ended questions that provide direct quotations. The audienceer is an integral differentiate of the investigation (Jacob, 1988). This differs from quantitative research which attempts to gather data by objective methods to provide information about relations, comparisons, and predictions and attempts to remove the investigator from the investigation (Smith, 1983). agree to Andrew (2007), qualitative research is a method of inquiry appropriated in many different academic disciplines, traditionally in the social sciences, but also in market research and further contexts. Qualitative researchers aim to gather an in-depth understanding of human behavior and the reasons that govern such behavior. The qualitative method investigates the why and how of decision making, not full what, where, when. Hence, smaller but focussed sa mples are more often extremityed, rather than large samples.According to Andrew (2007), qualitative research is used to denote approaches which are supported by a set of hypotheses concerning the way the social founding functions. It deduces many of its basic principles from the thought that there are fundamental differences between the science of human humanity and science of natural world and consequently needs to use typical methods. Here, attention is focused upon looking at the world through the look of studied objects and upon evolving concepts and theories which are grounded in the collecting data. So, qualitative research connected with own accounts of the individuals of their attitudes and behavior. The significance of qualitative research consists in setting tense on describing, understanding complex phenomena. It investigates, for instance, the relationships and patterns among factors or the context in which the act happens. It is concentrated on understanding the full many-dimensional picture of the subject of investigation.Qualitative methods produce information only on the occurrence cases studied, and any more general conclusions are only hypotheses (informative guesses). Qualitative research is aimed at intensify our understanding about phenomenon, and will usually involve going beyond surface analysis of numbers and the statistics to the deeper meaning behind story being told by the numbers. It aims to gives the reasons and establishes causal relationships.It is often contrasted to quantitative research which focuses on the quantitative elements of phenomena. In practice however, the two methods are often used together to get to the bigger picture.Face-to-Face Interviews and reduce GroupsThe most common forms of qualitative research are face-to-face interviews and focus groups. Face-to-face interviews are just that Meeting someone in person and discussing various issues. The informant or person you are interviewing whitethorn be an expert in a particular field (e.g. the editor of a newspaper) or they may be someone who is affected by the issues you are researching (e.g. someone who is HIV arbitrary or who reads the media).Focus groups involve discussions with two or more participants. While questions for focus groups need to be prepared to guide and focus the discussions, the receipts are often free-ranging, as the participants are encouraged to explore the issues at hand in an in-depth way.While focus groups and interviews will help you develop explanations for quantitative data, sometimes they can provide you with quantitative data themselvesBasic Differences between Quantitative and Qualitative Research TechniquesQuantitative and qualitative research methods differ primarily intheir analytical objectivesthe types of questions they posethe types of data collection instruments they usethe forms of data they producethe degree of flexibility built into study innovationThe key difference between quantita tive and qualitative methods is their flexibility. Generally, quantitative methods are fairly inflexible. With quantitative methods such as surveys and questionnaires, for example, researchers ask all participants equal questions in the same order. The response categories from which participants may choose are closed-ended or fixed. The advantage of this inflexibility is that it suffers for meaningful comparison of responses across participants and study turn ups. However, it requires a thorough understanding of the important questions to ask, the best way to ask them, and the throw up of potential responses.Qualitative methods are typically more flexible that is, they release greater spontaneity and adaptation of the interaction between the researcher and the study participant. For example, qualitative methods ask mostly open-ended questions that are not needfully worded in exactly the same way with severally participant. With open-ended questions, participants are free to r espond in their own words, and these responses tend to be more complex than simply yes or no.In addition, with qualitative methods, the relationship between the researcher and the participant is often less formal than in quantitative research. Participants confuse the opportunity to respond more elaborately and in greater detail than is typically the case with quantitative methods. In turn, researchers have the opportunity to respond immediately to what participants say by tailoring later(prenominal) questions to information the participant has provided. Merriam (1988) provided a basis for differentiating qualitative and quantitative research techniques based on their characteristics.Characteristics of Qualitative and Quantitative ResearchPoint of ComparisonsQualitative ResearchQuantitative ResearchFocus of researchQuality (nature, essence) amount (how much, how many)Philosophical rootsPhenomenology, symbolic interactionPositivism, logical empiricismAssociated phrasesFieldwork, et hnographic, naturalistic, grounded, inwroughtExperimental, empirical, statisticalGoal of investigationUnderstanding, description, disco genuinely, hypothesis generatingPrediction, control, description, confirmation, hypothesis testing role characteristicsFlexible, evolving, emergentPredetermined, structuredSettingNatural, familiarUnfamiliar, artificialSampleSmall, non-random, hypotheticalLarge, random, representativeData collectionResearcher as primary instrument, interviews, observations breathless instruments (scales, tests, surveys, questionnaires, computers)Mode of analysisInductive (by researcher)Deductive (by statistical methods)FindingsComprehensive, holistic, expansivePrecise, narrow, reductionistHowever, there is a range of flexibility among methods used in both quantitative and qualitative research and that flexibility is not an indication of how scientifically rigorous a method is. Rather, the degree of flexibility reflects the kind of understanding of the problem that is being pursued using the method.Merits of Quantitative analytic thinkingThe use of surveys permit a researcher to study more variables at one time than is typically possible in laboratory or field experiments, whilst data can be collected about real world environments.The usefulness of a survey is that the information you get is standardized because each respondent the person who fills out the questionnaire is answering the exact same questions. in one case you have enough responses to your questionnaire, you can then put the data together and analyze it in a way that answers your research question or what it is you want to know.Since case studies follow a structured format, different situations can be compared or analyzed comparatively. guinea pig studies are typically scant(p) (often no more than 5 pages long) and usually only contain the intrinsic information needed to present a situation and, if necessary, to describe and correctly analyze a problem.Quantitative data c an determine when students have achieved or failed a task, and they can provide national ranking, percentiles, and allow researchers to assume comparison analyses. Nevertheless, they cannot provide the total picture of why a particular student has either succeeded or failed (Burnaford et al., 2001 Gall et al., 1996 and Mc Bride Schostak, 2000).In quantitative research, the researcher neither participates in nor influences what isbeing studied thus, he/she examines the destiny objectively. In some qualitative research, the researcher may play a more subjective role and participate by being immersed in his/her research. That is, the observer may be the teacher or the facilitator. This role is often the case with when action research, case studies, and focus groups are used in educational research.Advantages of surveysGood for comparative analysis. lot get lots of data in a relatively short space of time.Can be cost-effective (if you use the Internet, for example).Can take less time for respondents to peg (compared to an interview or focus group)Specific concrete exampleCan help with problem solvingAre often interesting to read.Demerits of Quantitative AnalysisA key weakness of quantitative analysis is that it is very difficult to realise insights relating to the causes of or processes involved in the phenomena measured. There are, in addition, several sources of bias such as the possibly self-selecting nature of respondents, the height in time when the survey is conducted and in the researcher him/herself through the design of the survey itself.It could be argued that the quantitative researcher is more precise, but theresponse would be that with raft it is not possible to be so precise,people change and the social situation is too complex for numericaldescription. Quantitative research has a tendency to clarify whereclarification is not appropriate. (Mc Bride Schostak, 2000, pp. 1-2)Disadvantages of SurveysResponses may not be specific.Questions may be mi sinterpreted.May not get as many responses as you need.Dont get full story.Can take time to developDepending on format, may need some level of good writing skillsDo not usually give patient of overview of issue at hand.Merits of Qualitative TechniquesThe approaches of the qualitative research differ from the methods of the quantitative research. Quantitative methods have their aim in dividing into clearly defined parts, or variables. When we research an issue which we know how to quantify, for example, what can be quantified for sure, we may leave out the factors which are crucial to the real understanding of the phenomena under study (Andrew, 2007).Qualitative methods are helpful not only in good-looking rich explanations of complex phenomena, but in creating or evolving theories or conceptual bases, and in proposing hypotheses to clarify the phenomena. Besides, value of the qualitative research consists in validity of the information received people are minutely interviewed so a s the obtained data would be taken as correct and believable reports of their opinions and experiences. Its study disadvantage is that small group of interviewed individuals can not be taken as representative (Andrew, 2007).Case studies involve an attempt to describe relationships that exist in reality, very often in a single organization. Case studies may be positivist or interpretivist in nature, depending on the approach of the researcher, the data collected and the analytical techniques employed. Reality can be captured in greater detail by an observer-researcher, with the analysis of more variables than is typically possible in experimental and survey research.Another type of qualitative analysis is site visits. situation visits help you understand your research better site visits (e.g. when you visit an organization, a manufacturing plant, a clinic or a housing project) are very useful and sometimes even necessary ways of gaining supernumerary insight and making your theor etical information concrete in your mind. They allow you to observe what is going on, and to ask questions you may not have thought about.Qualitative research has a phenomenological focus that can provide an enriched and dilate description of the participants actions and/or viewpoints (Veronesi, 1997).Advantages of Face-to-Face InterviewsCan allow for in-depth knowledge sacramental manductionHelps to develop the bigger pictureHelps with analysis of resultsGood for networking (e.g. you may be referred to other people to interview).Advantages of Focus GroupsGood for community participation (grassroots input)helpful in developing ideas and sharing latent, or hidden, knowledge spontaneouslyEnables you to get information from a number of individuals simultaneously.Advantages of Site Visits and ObservationDemerits of Qualitative AnalysisCase studies can be considered weak as they are typically restricted to a single organization and it is difficult to generalize findings since it is fle shy to find similar cases with similar data that can be analyzed in a statistically meaningful way.Disadvantages of Face-to-Face InterviewsCan be time consumingMay be difficult to arrange an interview timeCan be difficult to compare and analyze information.Disadvantages of Focus GroupsCan be difficult to set upParticipants may need to be paidNeed to be sensitive to who the facilitator isMay need a translatorSometimes difficult to organize and analyze information.Disadvantages of Site Visits and ObservationTake timeCan be expensive (depending how farthest you need to travel)With observation in particular, you need to be careful how you interpret what you see. With site visits, you may want to make sure you have a guide so that you can ask questionsHowever, the disadvantage of the quantitative as well as qualitative research is that they do not always underpin understanding of multi-dimensional pictures (Andrew, 2007).

Environmental Sustainability Of Shrimp Farming In Malaysia Economics Essay

Environmental Sustainability Of Shrimp Farming In Malaysia political economy EssayThe cosmea runt end product has rapidly expanded oer the last decades. The expansion is principally attri plainlyed to technological breakthrough from innovation (Ling, Leung, Shang, 1999 Shang, Leung, Ling, 1998) and spacious consumption in the world(a) market (Oosterveer, 2006 Shang, et al., 1998). The introduction of new turnout technologies such as antibiotics, antimicrobial and gene transformation atomic number 18 commensurate to prevent infection of diseases and reduce mortality rate. Advanced weary technologies alike lowers the operating costs and additions the profits of pewee producers. However, extensive usage of antibiotics in prawn performance has raised health cin one caserns and has resulted in the banning of import wood pewees by major European importers. Imported shrimps from chinaware has been banned by European Council (EC) in 2002 due to the over presence of antib iotics in the products. another(prenominal) issue of advanced aqua flori refinement technology is the introduction of new species into the angry population. For instance, gene transformation creates new species of shrimp for commercial purposes but if the new species escapes into the wild population, it could be predator for certain sea creatures and destroy the ecosystem balance (Deb, 1998). massive orbicular demand on shrimp is mainly due to lavishly consumption in developed countries such as. (Describe the statistics). The increase in demand in these economy is not only due to replete material needs but also to related to the consumption row in that social, culture, and political term. For instance, Japanese consumption of gritty quantity of seafood in daily life is one of the Japanese cultures, and policies of European Union set ahead the consumer to consume high quality seafood. Moreover, in the study of (Uddin, 2009) has been mentioned about once shrimp was considered a s luxury foodstuff by many people.Hence, high demand in the inter evidence of matteral provides job opportunities to the people in underdeveloped countries and due to the currency exchange rate, exporting the local products to developed countries would set out the producer higher revenue. From these points we could explain the perception of people in Bangladesh repulse shrimp production activity as a tendency of diligent money-making as mentioned in (Deb, 1998). This statement supported by (Ali, 2006), the author depict that Bangladesh shrimp export revenue has grown from US$4.0 trillion to US$360 million, the net profit from this activity is 12 times than that of high tractable variety rice. Henceforth, they dramatically shift their production from rice paddy to shrimp farming in order to obtain the opportunity of gaining higher revenue.China is the biggest shrimp producer since 1988 until 1992 and contributed about a million metric long ton of the world shrimp production in 2000 (Biao Kaijin, 2007). The recent biggest shrimp producing nation is Thailand. Since 1991, Thailand has taken over China in world shrimp production, comme il faut leading producer and exporter by exporting up to 90% of his production (Huitric, Folke, Kautsky, 2002 Shang, et al., 1998). The other major shrimp producing countries are Indonesia, India, Bangladesh, and Ecuador by producing between 300,000 to 400,000 gobs metric each (World Shrimp Market, 2004). Henceforth, those four major shrimp producing countries contributed much than 50 per cent of total world shrimp supply in other words, Asia has competitive advantage in producing shrimp and competes in global market.Overview of Asia Shrimp ProductionAsia is the worlds most populous and largest continent consist of 31,880,000 km2 and with just about four billion people or sixty per cent of world human population. (More information)Asia is the major contributor in world shrimp market. In 1990s, Asia produced approximatel y 78% of world shrimp and the rest (22%) were produced by westerly countries(Shang, Leung et al. 1998 Ling, Leung et al. 1999). Asiatic cultured shrimp production mainly produces Penaeus Monodon, followed by Penaues Vannamei, to world-wide market (Shang, Leung et al. 1998). Thailand is a leading producer and exporter other major shrimp producing countries are China, Vietnam, India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Taiwan, Sri Lanka, the Philippines, and Malaysia. Besides that, Japan is the world piece largest in shrimp consumption. (Data of Japan shrimp C)The improvement of hatchery operation have reduced the damage of hatchery-produced shrimp fry to competitive level is one of the main reasons of rapid expansion of shrimp production in Asia (Shang, Leung et al. 1998) whereas, with lower cost of fry, jade cost, and land (input), the shrimp producers are able to produce shrimp (output) to global market with lower prices. Now a day, the producer widely relies on the seed downslope from s hrimp hatcheries instead of wild seed stock is because of wild fry have proven limited and unreliable in supporting a rapidly expanding shrimp industry.ReferenceLing, B.-H., P. S. Leung, et al. (1999). Comparing Asian shrimp farming the domestic resource cost approach. Aquaculture 175(1-2) 31-48.Shang, Y. C., P. Leung, et al. (1998). Comparative economics of shrimp farming in Asia. Aquaculture 164(1-4) 183-200.United Nation, Department of Economic and accessible Affairs, Statistics Division, 2008. Statistical Yearbook. New York 52FisheriesMarine and Aquaculture.Percentage of marine and component of aquaculture production.Methods used for aquaculture. subject area militarys involved.An Overview of Malaysian Shrimp Production1The tilteries sector which include of marine enchant weighteries and aquaculture produced approximately 1,650,000 tones of food fish worth RM6, 460 million in 2007. This sector recorded an increase in production by 4.17% and hold dear by 3.65% as compared to the year 2006. Besides that, the fisheries sector contributed 1.2% to the gross domestic product or worth RM6, 298 million. The majority fish production is produced from marine capture fisheries, modify 83.51% to the total national fish production with a value of approximately five thousand million Riggit Malaysia while the aquaculture sub-sector only contributing 16.23% of the total fish production with a value of RM1, 393 million2. However, aquaculture showed an increase in production by 26.64% and in value by 7.87% as compared to the year 2006. For the year of 2007, fisheries sector provided 120,904 work forces, where 21,287 of the work forces are fish culturists were involved in various aquaculture systems.Most of the freshwater aquaculture production was contributed from pocket billiards culture system, about 70% of total freshwater aquaculture products while on-bottom culture system was main contributor for briny water aquaculture, about 25% of total brackish water aquacu lture production. Other freshwater culture systems are ex-mining pools system, cage culture system, cement cooler system, pen culture system, and weather sheet while other brackish water culture systems are including consortium, cage, on-bottom, rank, and tank culture system. Furthermore, the top producer by using pond culture method is Perak state compared with other states with 11,427 tones worth RM131.41 million the total pond culture area increased from 5,623.69 hectares in 2006 to 7,627.11 hectares in 2007 (or 35.62% of growth rate), but this culture system production decreased 1.6 % in 2007. In addition, Perak state produced the most aquaculture product in year 2007 with grand total 70.05 tonnes compared to second largest producer, Selangor, with 24.9 tones3.In the year 2007, production from the national aquaculture sub-sector was 268,514.21 tones worth at RM1, 393.35 million, contributed mainly by the production from brackish water aquaculture (73.91%) and the remained was contributed by freshwater aquaculture. Work force, however, was majority involved in freshwater sub-sector, which are 75.48% of the total fish culturists. Brackish water aquaculture provided only about 25% of work force over the total fish culturists however, this culture system contributed 73.91% of the total aquaculture production with the growth rate of production was 31.97% and the value rose from RM 999.41 million in 2006 to RM1, 044 million in 2007 (or 4.45% of growth rate). Why brackish water aquaculture production can produce largest share of total aquaculture production with lesser labor input?Penaus Merguiensis (banana shrimp) and Monodon (tiger shrimp) is widely and solely produced by using brackish water pond culture method with 23,737 and 11,435 tones, respectively. The major banana shrimp producer is Perak state, and then follows with Selangor and Johore state.

Canadian Senate Analysis

Canadian Senate AnalysisThe up-to-the-minute g everyplacenment of Canada has re master(prenominal)ed in patch since the British North America Act, 1867, which established the Parliament for Canada to be comprised of tercet dampens the Crown, the Senate, and the planetary house of Commons.1 Unique to Canadas organisation, which is based on the Westminster parliamentary System, is that the upper house of parliament, or the Senate, is comprised of un take officials. For a large portion of Canadas history in that respect has been a moot line of make uping the Senate, largely concerning its unelected officials. sequence there has consistently been a discussion on if the Senate should be stird, Canadas political parties crappernot agree on if this change should be a enlighten of the Senate or its abolishment. In recent twelvemonths this debate has been revitalized due to scandals concerning senators, Stephen harpers commitment to remedy the Senate, and the overbearing Cour t impression on what would need to be d wiz to reform the Senate. While it is understandable that nigh whitethorn want to push for the Senate to be abolished, this is oft beats too forceful of a step for Canada to take and should not be taken and for simplicitys sake. Democracies function and exist on mechanisms that help oddment the power of the governing bodies to ensure that no one body or official has too much power and abolishing the Senate before attempting to reform it would unfold the House of Commons too much power.Prime Minister conjuration MacDonalds words atomic number 18 often used in explaining what the Senate does when he said that they atomic number 18 the sober plunk for thought.2 The reasoning for this is that by having politicians that atomic number 18 concerned for the long term stability and single of Canada and its laws and not concern themselves about existence reelected and the perpetual campaign or about politics. fundamentally they can give their full attention to being the chit on the House of Commons. In increase, section 54 of the Canadian Constitution states that bills which convey with any aspect of money, including appropriating revenue or creating or removing a tax, essential originate from the House of Commons.3 What this then causes, because most bills deal with issues of revenue or taxes in somewhat manner, the vast bulk of bills come from the House of Commons, which creates a unique dynamic between the two houses.4 The dynamic that is crated is an uneven equalizer between the two in terms of the do of work that is done. The House of Commons is the primary body that creates legislation and the Senate largely provides review and second thought on the issues addressed in legislation. While this may be the original thought, there are flaws to it.Many ideas on how to change the Senate bemuse been proposed over the years, but to understand the current debate the most it is outmatch to look at what each major political society current proposes. Currently the common discourse about the Senate is divided into terce areas main the status quo keep the Senate, but reform it or abolish the Senate in its entirety. Political parties of Canada gull often differed on how the Senate should be approached and dealt with along the three lines. The New Democratic Party (NDP), especially in recent years, has been straight-from-the-shoulder proponents of abolishing the senate. The NDP has even gone as far as creating a website to pull ahead the idea of abolishing the Senate, citing its unelected nature and high follows as reasons for it to be abolished.5 The ultraconservative Party, on the other hand, has taken a different route and has essay to reform it. Prime Minister Stephen harper and the nonprogressive Party seek to create a system whereby senators would be elected by the provinces for night club years.6 The legislation that proposed this came in 2011, but the constitutionality of this effort immediately came into question and went to the positive Court. The Supreme Court responded in 2014 when it command that any Senate reform mustiness go be approved by at least seven-spot provinces and half of the population.7 The Liberal Party has not been as loud as the others, but did eject the senators that were part of the Liberal Caucus and released a education declaring their support for reform of the Senate and the ejection of the senators from the caucus is the first step.8 Each of the major political is in favor of some change to the Senate, which is a saying of the opinion of Canadians.In addition to the political parties siding on the Senate being altered in some way, a majority of Canadians are in favor of some sort of change. According to a study by Angus Reid conducted in April of 2015, 86% of Canadians are in favor of a change.9 However, while an overwhelming majority of citizens are in favor of a change, there is a deep divide on what kind of change should exist. In the same poll by Angus Reid, 45% of Canadians are in favor of a reformed Senate while 41% are in favor of the Senate being abolished entirely.10 Just as with the political parties, this mirrors the debate and contention between the political parties on exactly what should be done. Compared to the 2013 poll by Angus Reid on the same topic, in a year filled with news about scandals concerning senators, 50% of Canadians were in favor of abolishment vs. 43% for reform.11 This shows, like with many topics, the interest and concern of quite a little impart differ a lot depending on how senators are conducting themselves and how the Senate is functioning.The reason wherefore the vast majority of criticisms that pitch been leveled against the Senate are about its unelected senators is because that is its biggest flaw. While it can be argued that removing the time consuming process of elections it gives senators a different delineate of priorities to focus on the work of Parliament, this is the exact reason why it is unsound. By being selected quite a than elected, senators are then beholden to those that cull them rather than the citizens of Canada. This then means that if a senator does not do a fair job, or do the job at all, according to Canadians, it is a backbreaking process to get rid of them. Since these senators are then beholden to those that choose them, this creates a dangerous mechanism for internal party politics whereby those that are actually selected to be a senator may not be merit of the position. On the contrary, as the NDP accuses the Conservative Party of doing, those that do work for the party or the Prime Minister may end up as a senator as a favor.12The Senate is an undemocratic and authoritarian instrument that has to be reformed. Regardless of the scandals that have occurred or if the senators take advantage of their position, the critical rouse is there exists a need for senators to be elected. In the overall di scourse, the idiosyncrasies of reform matter little as long as the process towards elections. What the Conservative Party proposed is a good step and is not a bad way to reform the Senate. An important part of this proposal that should be in all other proposals is that senators should have a longer term than those in the House of Commons. This is to help preserve some of the original motivations for the creation of the Senate, which is to have senators think about and be concerned for the long term integrity and development of Canada.Prime Minister Stephen Harper and the Conservative Partys efforts to reform the Senate have been described as failures, but they actually began one of the most important steps to changing the Senate discovering the process. The Supreme Court ruled that reform or abolishment of the Senate cannot be done unilaterally by the House of Commons, which caused the Conservatives to cease their efforts and Prime Minister Harper to say that the ruling leaves them with little choice but to abandon their efforts.13 Contrary to what Stephen Harper may say, the Supreme Courts ruling gives the Conservatives and all of Canada reason to obey reform and creates the parameters of how. The Supreme Court ruled that in order to reform the Senate, at least seven provinces would need to approve in addition to half of Canada while abolition would require unanimous consent.14 Although this is a dash process, if we take into account that 86% of Canadians want change, it is not impossible. While this 86%, when broken down accounts for 45% that are for reform and 41% that are for abolition, it can be assumed that many of those that want abolition would much favor reform rather than no change in the essence that a vote was given to the general population.Overall, the strengths and arguments for reform outweigh those of abolition. In addition to paving the way on how reform of the Senate must occur, the Supreme Court also gave a strong argument for reform ove r abolition it is easier. While there may be arguments to be make for to having a unicameral parliament and abolishing the Senate, this path is too far to go without attempting reform first. If we are to accept that a bicameral legislature and Senate is part of our cultural heritage and that it does have merit in providing a check and balance to the actions of the House of Commons, there should at least be some effort to preserve it with reform. Some of the criticisms that have been used against the Senate including the significant cost to taxpayers compared to the lack of work can be rectified with reforming and making senators elected officials. By becoming elected officials, they are then accountable to the people that elected them into office and can easily be voted out if they do any work or their work is not sufficient to their electorate.While there many strengths to reforming the Senate, there does exist problems that must be considered. The first, and maybe biggest, obstac le in regards to reforming the Senate is its inability to create bills concerning the allocation of revenue or use of taxes. Already this creates a great hindrance on the work of the Senate and is one of the reasons why the Senate does not produce nearly the same amount of bills as the House of Commons. If the event of serious efforts and progress to reform the Senate, it would have to be addressed if the Senate would be able to create bills concerning money or if the restriction would remain in place. On one hand, the removal of such(prenominal) restriction would encourage senators to produce more bills, but would diminish the post and authority of the House of Commons Insight into this can be worn-out from Australias Parliament, which has an elected Senate, but still requires all money bills to range in the House of Representatives, which is the lower house of the Australian Parliament.15 This causes the same unstableness that occurs in Canadas Parliament where the House of Re presentatives produce the vast majority of bills while the Senate produces much less, but gets to spend much more time in committee work.16When looking at the overall discourse and benefits presented by reforming the Senate, it is something that should be pursued by Canada. The Senate still plays an important role by providing committee work, which the House of Commons often does not have profuse time to do, and provides a needed balance. However, an unelected Senate is an artifact of an old system of government that must be updated to become more democratic. While there are strong arguments to be made for abolition, it should not be considered before at least attempting to reform. In addition, it is easier to reform rather than abolish so it is rational number to at least turn the Senate into something Canadians want before losing it forever.ReferencesA legislative and Historical Overview of the Senate of Canada. A legislative and Historical Overview of the Senate of Canada. Acce ssed April 27, 2015.Abolish the Senate. Roll up the cerise Carpet Its Time to Abolish the Senate. Accessed April 29, 2015.Angus Reid. Future of the Senate absolute majority of Canadians bring out between Abolishing, Reforming the Red Chamber. Accessed May 3, 2015.complete blood count News. Canadas Senate Sober mo Thought. CBCnews. July 9, 2010. Accessed April 25, 2015.Cody, Howard. Lessons from Australia in Canadian Senate Reform. Canadian parliamentary Review. Accessed May 3, 2015.Constitution Acts, 1867 to 1982. legislative Services Branch. Accessed April 26, 2015.Fine, Sean. Stuck with Status Quo on Senate, Says Harper after Courts Rejection. The human race and Mail. Accessed April 29, 2015.Parliamentary Institutions. Parliamentary Institutions. Accessed April 25, 2015.Trudeau Leads on Senate Reform Liberal Leader Takes Concrete bodily function to guide Partisanship and Patronage from the Senate. Accessed May 3, 2015.1 Parliamentary Institutions, parliamentary Institutions , accessed April 25, 2015.2 CBC News.,Canadas Senate Sober Second Thought, July 9, 2010, accessed April 25, 2015.3 Constitution Acts, 1867 to 1982, Legislative Services Branch, accessed April 26, 2015.4 A Legislative and Historical Overview of the Senate of Canada, A Legislative and Historical Overview of the Senate of Canada, accessed April 27, 2015.5 Abolish the Senate, Roll up the Red Carpet Its Time to Abolish the Senate, accessed April 29, 2015.6 Sean Fine, Stuck with Status Quo on Senate, Says Harper after Courts Rejection, The Globe and Mail, accessed April 29, 2015.7 Sean Fine, Stuck with Status Quo on Senate, Says Harper after Courts Rejection, The Globe and Mail, accessed April 29, 2015.8 Trudeau Leads on Senate Reform Liberal Leader Takes Concrete Action to Remove Partisanship and Patronage from the Senate, accessed May 3, 2015.9 Angus Reid, Future of the Senate Majority of Canadians single out between Abolishing, Reforming the Red Chamber, accessed May 3, 2015.10 Angus Reid, Future of the Senate Majority of Canadians illogical between Abolishing, Reforming the Red Chamber, accessed May 3, 2015.11 Angus Reid, Future of the Senate Majority of Canadians Split between Abolishing, Reforming the Red Chamber, accessed May 3, 2015.12 Abolish the Senate, Roll up the Red Carpet Its Time to Abolish the Senate, accessed April 29, 2015.13 Sean Fine, Stuck with Status Quo on Senate, Says Harper after Courts Rejection, The Globe and Mail, accessed April 29, 2015.14 Sean Fine, Stuck with Status Quo on Senate, Says Harper after Courts Rejection, The Globe and Mail, accessed April 29, 2015.15 Howard Cody. Lessons from Australia in Canadian Senate Reform, Canadian Parliamentary Review, accessed May 3, 2015.16 Howard Cody. Lessons from Australia in Canadian Senate Reform, Canadian Parliamentary Review, accessed May 3, 2015.

Strategic HRM in Organisations

Strategic HRM in OrganisationsINTRODUCTION gentlemans gentleman Resource Management (HRM) is atomic number 53 of the most importance snuff it in any ecesis. The basic function of HRM is managing the pot, which in simple clarification is putting right people at right in right judgment of conviction. HRM involves the pretendivities as recruitment and selection, training and learning, fix and transaction appraisal and so forth of an employee.In this assignment, C ar Quality tutelage (CQC) impart be taken as a chosen organisation. CQC is a government funded health c be regulating body which is answerable for arbitrary and monitoring of health care answer providers to make sure they survive by the standards and rules and regulations set by the government. Besides CQC is given authority to punish the service providers in case they do not meet the standards. tax 1.1. Definition of Strategic HRM in organisationsHuman Resource Management (HRM) is sensation of the major func tions in an organisation for managing people within organisation, steering on the systems and policies of the organisation (Collings and Wood, 2009). HRM is primarily the systems and outgrowthes of recruitment, selection, training and create, appraisals and reinforcering of the employees (Paauwe and Boon, 2009). Strategic HRM in todays context, is a necessity for organisations which, agree to Wright and McMahan (1992) is a planned human resource deployment and activities that change an organisation to pursue its goals.Various HRM homunculuss suck in been studied and proposed by distinct authors. Be subaltern is the word on some of them.Devanne et als Matching homunculus of Strategic HRMThis model, proposed by Devanne et al (1984) is ground on the philosophy of matching (or fit) of HR systems and organisational structure with the organisational outline, where, HRM schema and organisational structure follow and feed upon hotshot another and are influenced by environme ntal forces. The limitation of this theory is that it assumes that organisational controllers act rationally. However, some theorists argue that strategicalal decisions take in not necessarily based on rational calculation. As argued by Boxall (1992), excessive fitting john make a accompany inflexible and incapable of quickly adapting to step to the foreer environment, failing to gain competitive advantage.Fig. 1 Devanne et al (1984)s Matching stumper of Strategic HRMHard/Soft Model of SHRMHRM, as postulated by news report (1992), base be divided into Hard and Soft HRM. The weighty model is characterised by lift-down approach where employees have little freedom to act. It provide be argued that hard HRM accentes on resource component of HR, as hard HRM is instrumental and employees are make doed as commodities. In this model, the focus is in the quantitative guidance of employees so that custody mint be closely matched with the requirement. In contrast, soft HRM deals with the human aspects and enhances payload and involvement of the employees. Perhaps, more appropriately it keep be said that people are led, instead of being managed and people are involved in decision making process.HR StrategiesHR Strategies outlines what the organisation intends to do regarding HRM policies and how they should integrate with moving in system. Dyer and Reeves refers HR strategies as internally consistent human resource practices. The endeavor of HR strategies is to provide communicating means to the intentions about how the human resources will be managed. Many polar strategies are prevalent depending on the organisation. However, broadly the HR strategies are categorised into Overarching HR strategies and Specific strategies. The Overarching HR strategies describe the organisational intentions about how people should be managed to ensure organisation green goddess develop and retain its people so as to make them committed and engaged. The Specifi c HR strategies set out the organisations intentions in particular proposition areas as talent way, continuous improvement, knowledge management, resourcing, reward and employee relations (Armstrong, 2006).There are various approaches to HR system that depose be termed as resourced based, achieving eminent performance management, strategic fit, high lading management and high involvement management.In CQC, it is seen that it primarily focuses on the development of its people through continuous training and development programs. The standards and rules and regulations that are updated according to the motif and situation initiates further knowledge advancement in the workforce that strengthens the efficiency of the staff. This gives the notion that CQC adopts the specific HR dodge.Criteria for roaring system The successful schema is the one which works with a sense in achieving what it plans to achieve, focusing to satisfy the needs of the duty. The strategy need to be bas ed on detailed analysis, not just mere thinking, and takes account the needs of employees and managers as well as those of stakeholders. As argued by Boxall and Purcell (2003), HR planning should focus on needs of the stakeholders involved in people management and the organisation. task 1.2 Importance of HRM in organisationsAn organisation needs good human resources to throw a good team of workforce. The main function of HRM includes recruiting people, give training, appraisals and make them as well as workplace safety and communication. Huselid, Jackson and Schuler (1997) did a study on human capital of the HR department by contrasting technical vs. strategic HR manager capabilities which led to the dissolving doer that technical HRM resolutioniveness was not tie in to organisational performance. However, strategic effectiveness was related to employee performance, cash flow, and market measure. Researches on Strategic HRM have often considered contingent upon(p) relationsh ips to achieve a fit between HR activities with strategic outcomes. Miles and bump (1984) proposed a strategy typology (later described as contingency approach), that showed how embodied and business strategies could be matched with HR practices. This perspective means that a set of HR practice is dependent upon the organisations strategy. The importance of HRM in improving organisational performance is paramount. The linking gloaming between just and naiant conjunction in strategic HRM is the person-environment fit. Moreover, Werbel and Demarie (2005) proposed erect linking between HR systems with corporate strategies through organisational competencies and horizontal link with HRM practices as means to improve organisational performance. Strategic HRM, hence links HR practices with corporate strategy and is believed that the integration between business strategies and HRM reflects in effective management of human resources, thus improving organisational performance. working class 1.3 modeling of strategic HRMThe discussion on the cloth of strategic HRM, here is done on the Harvard framework. authentic by Beer et al (1984), this model studies the solution for the problems of the force play management. The model of Harvard framework suggests that HRM consists of two characteristics 1) line managers accepts more responsibilities to ensure alignment between personnel policies and competitive strategy 2) the personnel policies govern how activities are developed and apply that enhances reinforcement. As supported by Boxall (1992), this model has the advantages of incorporating range of stakeholders acknowledges a wide range of situational factors puts emphasis on strategic choice and includes the employee influence.Fig. 2. Harvard Model of HRM (Beer et al, 1984)The Harvard Framework outlines four HR policy areas Employee influence Human resource flows support systems and Work systems. These, in turn lead to four Cs (HR policies that need to be achieve d Commitment, Congruence, Competence and Cost effectiveness. As argued by Beer et al (1984) the coherent term effects of benefits and HR policies has to be evaluated at individual, organisational and societal level, which in turn mustiness be analysed using these four Cs. The Harvard model has massive influence over the HRM practice, and the emphasis is particularly on the fact that HRM is the carry out of management rather that the personnel function, in particular.Task 2.1 Analysis of the Human Resource ProcessThe human resource process fundamentally is the process of formulation, carrying into action and valuation of the HR strategies.Strategy FormulationIt is incumbent to consider the interactive relationship between HRM and business strategy small-arm be approaches to formulation of HR strategies (Hendry and Pettigrew, 1990). The strategy formulation process is effected by various external and internal factors. As identified by Formbrun (1984) political, economical, so cio-cultural and technical environment are the external factors that impact the formulation process. The changes in these factors digest be brought by changes in economic conditions in specific sectors, smash information processing, changes in workforce/demand forecasting and political influences which effect the settings of strategic direction. Organisational culture, employees and management, HR department and its expertise are the internal factors as identified by Truss and Gratton (1994).Strategy ImplementationThe success of strategy implementation is dependent on the competencies of the human resources. The linkage of vertical and horizontal fit conceptualized by Graton, Hope-Hailey, Stiles and Truss (1999) seem to fit here. In vertical fit, HRM systems like performance management, recruitment and selection, training and development need to be aligned with the HR strategy, whereas, in horizontal fit the HR strategy aligns with the people and the process. Evaluation is the fin al process of HR process that deals with brush up and evaluation of theStrategy EvaluationHRM systems effectiveness and the strategic integration. The resolvents of HRM systems in achieving strategic objectives is considered as an classical part of strategic HRM where, the alignment of HRM systems in achieving strategic objectives should be evaluated for determining the strategic integration of HRM (Tichy, Fombrun and Devanne, 1982). The information passd through evaluation process provide necessary ingredients for changes in implementation process and also, is important in the context of strategy formulation.The strategic HR process can be understood by the following flowchart developed by Bratton and gold (2007).Fig.3. Strategic HR Process (Bratton and Gold, 2007)Task 2.2 Assessment of the roles in strategic HRMDifferent tier of workforce in an organisation has their classical roles in executing HR strategies. The role of the top management is providing prestidigitator lead ership and define jimmys and purposes to set direction. It develops the business strategies and provide leading guidelines in developing available strategies for operations, finance, marketing, production, HR and customer service etc.The front line managers, as appreciated by Purcell et al (2003), are the ones that bring HR policies to life. Purcell et al state that front line managers have great amount of discretion as their aspect of work is relations with people. It is unlikely that the discretion to avoid putting HR ideas into practice will convert ideas into reality. Hence, the reluctance in managers to carry out ideas often result into failure of performance management schemes.Ulrich (1998) views that HR executives, to be fully fledge strategic partners with senior management, should impel and guide serious discussion of how the company should be organized to carry out its strategy. It is necessary that HR must set clear priorities of its work since, a HR staff whitethorn be loaded with various initiates in sight like, global teamwork, payfor performance and learning development experiences. A strategic approach of HRM tends to trigger HR specialist in innovation where they introduce new procedures that can increase organisational effectiveness. Ulrich (1998) identifies four specific strategic roles of HR business partner, innovator, change agent and implementer.In CQC, The board of Directors develop and formulate the strategies of the organisation which is the basis for the headland Executive to generate the HR strategies for CQC. The Chief Inspectors and Heads of concerned departments are responsible for execution and implementation of the strategies. The regular meetings and feedbacks from the employees as well as service users are considered in the process of evaluating the HR strategies.Task 2.3 Analysis of the development and implementation of HR strategiesThe process of developing HR strategy is a complex process. The HR leader has to set heap and goals for the HR team, thereby the HR team develops the HR strategy which is aligned with the organisations competitive advantage. It is of thrill importance that the new HR strategy does not abandon the prior strategies, however, there should be manageable changes and the implementation should be measurable (Briscoe et al, 2012). The implementation plan is developed by HR team where all the employees and managers monitor the progress of the strategy and provide necessary feedbacks. The implementation of any strategy is a difficult part which needs to be approved from the top management and has to be managed by the dedicated team. As noted by Brewster et al (2011) top management do not expect for be change in the new strategy they look for continuity with manageable changes. Financially the implementation is expensive to operate. The top management needs to be aware of the overall cost because the implementation can get stop if the financial part is not carefully mana ged.The development of the strategic HR plan is always in alignment with the organisations business strategy. Many measure it is seen that the HR team take negligible consideration of the business strategies while developing HR strategy. This can result into insufficiency of vision of the strategy and difficulty in the evaluation of the strategy (Golden and Ramanujam, 1985). The following chart represents the alignment and procedures in developing HR plan.Fig.4 HR and Business StrategyTask 3.1 Identifying range of HR strategiesThe human capital uniqueness and strategic value are considered as two important components in HR strategies. Organisations need to maintain opposite relationship with unalike types of people and develop different HR strategies to manage people differentially. Below is the discussion on different types of HR strategies as proposed by Lepak and Snell (1999).Commitment HR strategy The commitment HR strategies are for the employees with high uniqueness and hi gh strategic value. much(prenominal) strategies focus on internal development and long term relationships which develops employees to retrace knowledge and skills that are of prime value to the organisation.Compliance HR strategy This kind of strategy seems suitable for the employees with low strategic value and low uniqueness where, in order to reduce administrative expenses, he outsourcing strategies are taken like peripheral functions, employees on leave arrangements and use of fly-by-night employees.Collaborative HR strategy Where the employees have high uniqueness save low strategic value, the strategy focuses on developing potential value in the employees and preserve the unique skills of those employees. Both the employees and organisation collaborate in using the unique skills for a shared outcome.As discussed earlier, the range of strategies can be broadly differentiated into overarching HR strategies and specific HR strategies (Armstrong, 2006). The specific HR strateg ies focuses on developing the strategies for certain areas.Learning and development management In the area of learning and development management, CQC has the strategic goal of maintaining and developing required skills though continuous development programs and regular trainings on the functional skills of the employees and regularly updated governmental rules and regulations regarding health care policies.Reward strategy The purpose in developing reward strategy lies in maintaining a high degree of motivation among the employees in CQC. The appreciation and recognition of the employees on operation of the expected outcomes has tremendous positive impact on the CQC employees.Employee relation strategy The nature of the operative function of CQC requires it to have a well managed inter relationship among employees across many departments. CQC organises frequent meetings and workshop programs among the employees from different departments to generate high level of collaboration and cooperation among the employees. The feedback system in CQC enables the employees for raising their voices in different aspects of their job roles.Task 3.2 Assessment of HR strategies and their application in organisationAs discussed earlier, there are different types of HR strategies which are developed according to the prevalent situations and areas that need to be addressed. It is not necessary that there is one most effective strategy that can be applied in all organisations or is applicable all the time in the same organisation. The development of the strategies vary according to the necessity of the rate of flow situation that the business strategy directs. Another aspect of HR strategy application can be in terms of Hierarchy of strategy where the HR strategies can be categorised as corporate , business and functional level of strategy (Bratton and Gold, 2007).The success of the HR strategy can be measured through the degree of achievement of the expected outcome. However, B ratton and Gold (2007) argues that here is no clear focus on test of HR strategies and performance link the different models and strategies tends to assume the alignment between HR strategy and business strategy that will improve organisational competiveness and performance.As discussed by Golden and Ramanujam (1985), there needs to be alignment between HR strategy with that of business or organisational strategy. As the vision and culture of organisation directs the business strategy. the HR strategy should be compliant with the HR vision and HR goal.The HR strategy in CQC is primarily focused on the development of employees in the field of job efficiency and knowledge on the regularly updates of governmental policies of the health care service and its regulation. This can be assumed that CQC by adopting specific HR strategy, it focuses on people lie activities. However, CQC being a government funded organisation, it does have the strategic approach in building rigid work norms an d ethics, which at times, seems to create problem in managing day to day problems of the employees like delayed submission of inspection reports, lack of regular inspections of the service providers etc.

The Elderly And Mental Health

The Elderly And Mental HealthThis date allow look issues around older muckles psychic health, in checkicular, madness and abuse this will include demographics of older slew, statistics, the history, definitions and causes of frenzy, and finally the lack of statute to protect vulner commensurate pack from harm and the implications for genial work practice.The world surge at the end of world war 2 has gave climb up to an unprecedented population explosion and to what we instanter call the baby boomers, these citizenry atomic number 18 now in their retirement years(Summers Et al, 2006), and our population now contains big plowsh ar of older throng that ever. In society today elderly commonwealth argon becoming the fastest increasing population in the UK, National Statistics (2009) states that the population of the UK is epoching. Over the last 25 years the per centimeimeage of the population aged 65 and over increased from 15 per cent in 1983 to 16 per cent in 2008, an increase of 1.5 million great deal in this age group. Due to the increase of the ageing population we ar now seeing emerging health and social business organisation issues in our society. M any older good deal will be active, involved in spite of appearance the friendship, and independent of others. However, as you get older it is raw(a) to experience pain, a decline in mobility or mental sentiency.Mind (2010) states that the most(prenominal) frequent mental health fusss in older plenty are drop-off and dementedness. thither is a colossalspread belief that these problems are a natural part of the ageing process, but this non the case it layabout dent as early 40 but is more(prenominal) common in older masses (Royal college of Psychiatrists, 2009), however, at that interpose further 20 per cent of plurality over 85, and 5 per cent over 65, pass hallucination 10-15 per cent of people over 65 have depression (Mind, 2010). It is important to find tha t the majority of older people remain in good mental health. Dementia mainly affects older people, although it can affect younger people in that location are 15,000 people in the UK under the age of 65 who have alienation (Alzheimers society, 2010). However, currently 700,000 or superstar somebody in every 88 in the UK have monomania, incurring a p.a. cost of 17bn, and the London School of Economics and Institute of Psychiatry question calculated that more that 1.7 million people will have craziness by 2051 account by BBC newfounds (2007).The word dementia comes from the Latin demens meaning without a mind. References to dementia can be found in Roman medical texts and in the philosophical works of Cicero. The term dementia came into common exercise from the 18th Century when it had both(prenominal) clinical and statutory con nonations. Dementia implied a lack of competence and an inability to manage ones experience af intermediates. Medical use of the term dementia e volved throughout the 19th snow and was used to describe people whose mental disabilities were secondary to acquired brain damage, ordinarily degenerative and often associated with old age (Kennard 2006). From the 20th century onward scientific knowledge was supplemented through the examination of the brain and brain meander which was founded and per melodic phraseed by a physician Alois Alzheimer (Plontz, 2010). The National go fabric (Department of Health, 2001, p96) now defines dementia as a clinical syndrome characterised by a widespread loss of mental function.The term dementia is used to describe the symptoms that influence it in a group of diseases that affect the normal working functions of the brain. This can pass to a decline of mental ability, affecting memory, thinking, problem solving, tautness and perception, also problems with speech and understanding (Mind, 2010). Dementia is progressive, which means the symptoms will step by step get worse. How fast dement ia progresses will depend on the mortal. for each one person is unique and will experience dementia in their let way (Alzheimers society, 2010). Symptoms of dementia include Loss of memory, Mood changes, and Communication problems. In the later stages of dementia, the person affected will have problems put outing out occasional tasks, and will become increasingly dependent on other people, both thirds of people with dementia live in the residential district while one third live in a care home (Alzheimers society, 2010). There are many types of dementia, and some of the causes of dementia are rarer than others, Alzheimers disease is the most common cause, damaged tissue builds up in the brain to form deposits called plaques and tangles, these cause the brain cells around them to die (Royal college of Psychiatrists, 2009). Other most ordinarily kn throw is vascular disease, Dementia with Lewy bodies, Fronto-temporal dementia. Mostly, patients themselves do not present to the clinician with dementia, owe to gradual onset and denial of the problem. There is no cure for dementia but there is medication that will help to slow obliterate the progression of the disease. When finding help for dementia it is usually the primary carers, caregivers, supporters, partners or family members who initiate petition help and a diagnosis (Brodaty, 1990).Depression whitethorn be misdiagnosed as dementia the difference being that people who have depression are more likely to be aware of their issues so are able to discuss them, whereas someone with dementia may not be able to do this collectable to their symptoms. Nonethe slight, the Mental potentiality round (2005) states that every person has the right to cast off their own decisions and must be assumed to have capacity unless otherwise proven and people should be supported to make any decisions. Under the MCA, you are required to make an ratement of capacity before s learn out any care or treatment (Office o f the public guardian, 2009). The Mental capacity act is an act that protects individual rights and en genuines that the persons liberty is not taken. It is based on best practice and creates a single, coherent simulation for dealing with mental capacity issues and an improved establishment for settling disputes, dealing with personal welfare issues and the property and affairs of people who lack capacity. It puts the individual who lacks capacity at the heart of decision qualification and places a strong emphasis on supporting and enabling the individual to make their own decisions (Office of the public guardian, 2009). However, even with a structure in place to protect individuals rights and liberties many people who have dementia are more vulnerable to abuse due to their lack of capacity. The University College London query revealed that a third of carers admitted significant abuse, in total 115 carers reported at least some inglorious behaviour, and 74 reported more serious levels of mistreatment (Cooper et al, 2009). Caregivers can also be on the receiving end of vocal or visible abuse directed at them by parents or spouses who are confused and angry over declining mental capacities due to lash and Alzheimers disease. In some cases, Alzheimers disease or other forms of dementia may cause the patient to be uncharacteristically aggressive (Coyne, 1996).It is single in recent years that abuse of the elderly has become more apparent, Crawford Et al (2008, p122) argues that over time it has very slowly come to the attention of people in the last 50 years that abuse does actually subsist behind closed doors in the 1950s older people lived in large families where issues were hidden, and in the 60s to 70s older people started living alone or in residential homes and it was not until the early 80s that abuse had started to be prize and defined. Penhale and Kingston(1997) argue that over the years it has been difficult to emphasise the issues of abuse du e to not finding a sound theoretical base to which an organisation of a standard definition can be made and applied. action on elder abuse (2006) defines elder abuse as A single or repeated act or lack of detach action, egestring in spite of appearance any relationship where there is an expectation of trust, which causes harm or distress to an older person. Abuse comes in not exactly physical abuse it comes also in sexual, mental, neglect, discrimination and financial as well. quondam(a) people may be abused by a wide range of people including family members, friends, professional staff, care workers, volunteers or other service substance abusers, abuse can also be perpetrated as a conclusion of deliberate, negligence or ignorance (Royal pharmaceutical society (RCA), 2007). Abuse can occur in a variety of circumstances and places such as, in own home, in a residential or day care vista or hospital and can by more than one person or organisation. Pritchard (2005) asserts t hat we will never have a true submit of the prevalence of elder abuse due to the unreported cases, and can only count ones that are known to organisations and services.Most abuse is still unreported due to victims being frightened, ashamed and embarrassed to report the abuse, not realising their rights or not being able to due to tier mental health. Summers et al (2006, p7) points out that those statutes that make abuse criminal are often useless due to them not being utilised by the victim, and this means that this will be the biggest challenge and obstacle for change in getting people to recognise the scale of the problem and raising awareness so that the political sympathies agree to change the statute to protect older people. Abuse of any kind should not be ignored and there should be legislation to protect adults from abuse like there is in claw protection, people who recognise the extent of elder abuse argue why should adults be treated as second class to children, is t heir suffering and deaths any less important? The Alzheimers Society (2010) states that abuse of people with dementia should be considered in the same way as child abuse.Crawford and Walker (2008, p12) state that harm refers to an inflexibility of the mind and thought, to values and attitudes that stand in the way of fair and non judgmental practice. Thompson (2006, p13) defines discrimination as the process in which difference is set and that difference is used as the basis of inequitable treatment. A barrier to recognising the abuse of people with dementia and older people is that of social stigma, detrimental perceptions and connotations of words for mental health, such as confused or immemorial. at sea is something that we all experience at some time in our lives, whereas senile is a more multifactorial word and the first recording of its usage was neutral meaning pertaining to old age, but now has negative connotations link up to mental decline due to age (Crawford and W alker, 2008). Therefore, challenging peoples perceptions leads to through to change these social constructs to enable a change in legislation and protection of vulnerable adults. In March 2010 the department of health ran a series of campaigns to address poor public understanding of dementia which include TV, radio, press and online advertising featuring real-people with dementia (Department of health, 2009).In 2009 the first ever dementia strategy was launched that hopes to transform the prime(a) of dementia care, It sets out initiatives designed to make the lives of people with dementia, their carers and families better and more fulfilled It will increase awareness of dementia, ensure early diagnosis and intervention and radically improve the quality of care that people with the condition receive. Proposals include the introduction of a dementia specialist into every general hospital and care home and for mental health teams to assess people with dementia (Department of health, 2009). However, this is not legislation it is just a strategy for dealing with people with dementia. The government are recognising that there is little protection for vulnerable adults and that further legislation direct to be put in place and stating that dementia care is a anteriority (BBC news, 2007). At present, there is no one specific legislation which instanter protects vulnerable adults, instead the applicable duties and powers to assess and intervene are contained within a range of legislation and frameworks, such as the Mental Capacity Act 2005 and Mental Health Act 2007 and the national service framework for older people. One of the themes for national service framework (NSF) is respecting the individual which was triggered by a concern about widespread infringement of dignity and unfair discrimination in older peoples access to care. The NSF therefore leads plans to tackle age discrimination and to ensure that older people are treated with respect, concord to their individual needs, specifically in standard 2 it relates to person centred care (Crawford and Walker, 2008, p8).And expectation of NSF is that there must be systems and processes put in place to enable multi agency working. In 2000 the government published No secrets which is steerage that requires local authorities to set up a multi agency framework which includes health and the police with a lead person (adult social care) to carry out procedures into the allegations of abuse whilst balancing confidentiality and information sharing (Samuel, 2008). No Secrets is only guidance and does not carry the same status as legislation, the LAs complaisance is assessed through an inspection process, therefore the LA can with good moderateness choose to ignore the guidance (Action on elder abuse, 2006). This has concerned agencies who emergency to see the protection of adults given the same equivalent priorities as child protection and think that legislation is the only way to accomplish t his.A review of No Secrets guidance has been carried out in 2008 and consulted with over 12000 people (Department of Health, 2009), the report found that over half (68%) of the respondents were in agreement to new safeguarding legislation and 92% wanted local safeguarding boards to be placed on a statutory footing and still there is no legislation to protect vulnerable adults (Ahmed, 2009). A recent article in community care told the failure of the government to commit to making a polity has only streng thused campaigners fight and given rise to criticism (Ahmed, 2009).The need to protect vulnerable people brought about the protection of vulnerable adults strategy (POVA) which is run by the Department of Health to regulate and monitor the role of staff in the social care workforce, through this scheme a list of people who are unsuitable to work with vulnerable people is kept. More recently, the Safeguarding of Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 which was launched in 2008 replaced POVA wi th the Independent Safeguarding Authority (IDeA, 2009). The problem with this is that abusers of dementia sufferers are usually family member or informal carer that are under considerable stress and may not receiving help from within the health and social care system, therefore, an abusive feature can carry on for some time until the situation is found by an outsider. This situation may only be found when a informal carer starts asking for help, and when informed of the situation it is good practice and essential to make sure that carers are getting the help they need which can prevent the abusive situations. Under the 1995 Carers (Recognition and Services) Act carers are entitled their own assessment of need and by doing so this may allow for respite or payments to be made for their services (Parker Et al, 2003). University College London researchers who interviewed people caring for relatives with dementia in their own homes stated within their research that Giving carers access to respite, psychological support and financial security could help end mistreatment (Cooper et al,2009). When working with relatives who are carers it is important to remember who is the service user, although it is important to ascertain the wishes of the relative it should not override the wishes of the service user, this is especially true when there is a divulge down in the care of the service user and the carer wishes the service user to be placed in care.Many older people with dementia receive care in a residential home this may be due to family member no longer being able to cope with the care of the person. The local authority has a duty to assess the needs of a person with dementia ensuring that their wishes are heard and equal care is put in place. Assessment is an ongoing process, in which the lymph node participates, the purpose of which is to understand people in relation to their environment it is a basis for planning what needs to be make to maintain, improve or bring about change in the person, the environment or both (Anderson Et al, 2005).The trouble with placing people with dementia in care homes is there are not enough care homes specifically for people with dementia and people end up in a home that do not have trained staff to cope with individual needs of someone with dementia, therefore, people s wishes may not be heard. As part of the joint assessment process it is the social workers role to ascertain the wishes of the individual, this is done by assessing their needs in an holistic way which includes and medical and social aspects of the person. If there is doubt as to the mental capacity of the person then a mental capacity assessment will need to be acquired by asking to joint assess with community psychiatric nurses (CPN). Priestley (1998) states that the community care reforms established the principle of joint working between health and social services authorities as a priority for impelling care assessment and management wi th social services taking the lead role.In conclusion there seem to have been many shifts in the direction of how policy and procedures framework and guidance care for people with dementia, although there is still no firm legislation to protect them. However, there seems to be more recognition of the issues that surround dementia and future goals are towards the training of people to understand those issues so that professionals are able to deal with the complex needs of a person with dementia.Word count 2969

The Stanislavsky Method :: essays research papers

When I came off of the stage that first night, I knew what I wanted to do with the rest of my life. I was ecstatic, on a vivid high. Suddenly, I had found my place in the world. As I assimilate gotten older and more experienced, I have learned that acting is not justreciting lines in front of an audience. There is a technique to acting. It is cognize as the method, method acting, or the Stanislavsky method.The method was created by Konstantin Stanislavsky, a Russian operator, director,producer and founder of the Moscow Art field which opened in 1898. Stanislavsky had many shortcomings as an prole and worked obsessively to modify his voice, diction and body movement. As a director and producer, Stanislavsky believed that the mere international behavior of an actor was not sufficient to portray the unique inner world of a character. He matt-up that once an actor felt what the character was feeling, the emotion would then manifest itself physically, making the performance beli evable. This mind wasthe basis for the method that Stanislavsky created, now the most common acting means in Western theatre.Stanislavskys method begins with relaxation. He called in an occupational disease. One of Stanislavskys most famous students, Lee Strasberg, believed it to be the actors worst enemy. The exercise Stanislavsky developed for relaxation is meant tohelp the actor visualise hidden tension in all muscles of the body, most importantly the face, where most mental tension manifests itself. The exercise begins with the actor sitting in a straight backed, armless chair. First, the actor must find the agency that he or shewould be most likely to sleep in, if utterly necessary. Then, starting with the fingers and working all the muscles in sequence, finding the tension hide in separately muscle, and will the muscle to relax. The first time I performed this exercise was in BeginningDrama, my freshman year. My instructor, Mrs. Daniels, had each student find a space o n the floor and lay down on their back. From there Ms. Daniels went through each of our muscles telling us to relax each one as we went through them. This exercise helps theactor find where they, personally, arrest their tension. Once an actor knows where they hold their tension, they can begin to release it, allow as little of themselves show through the character they are portraying.The beside exercise in the method is called Sense Memory.

OConnor Character Traits Essay -- Comparative Literature Green Leaf E

OConnor Character TraitsIn Flannery OConnors short stories, A Good opus is Hard to Find, Revelation, and Greenleaf, the main character in individually sh are similar traits. Though the grandm some other, Mrs. Turpin, and Mrs. May differ from distri butively other in human beingy aspects, there are one-third notable traits that each clearly possesses. Each of these individuals is highly conscious of their stimulate loving status, is socially prejudiced, and is extremely racist.Each of the women is revealed as being highly conscious of their own social status. Not only are they aware of where they exist socially, they are quite proud of their rank. A perfect example of this occurs in A Good Man is Hard to Find when the grandmother dresses herself in such a fashion that in case of an accident, anyone seeing her dead on the highway would know at once that she was a lady. She has purposefully dressed-up herself in nice, classy clothing so, in the rare case of an accident, p assel would know that she did not die a woman from the lower class. She to a fault pleads with the Misfit, You wouldnt shoot a lady, would you? when she is held hostage. This desperate plea proves ludicrous because he would consider killed her even if she were poor. In Revelation Mrs. Turpin is extremely cognizant of her place in society. While ranking the classes of people in her head she describes, ...and above them the home-land owners, to which she and Claud belonged. The position that she actually spends her nights carefully constructing in her mind a class ranking system proves that she places a strong emphasis on her own social status. Also, her feeling of superiority toward the lower class is evident when she thinks, Help them you must, but help them you couldnt. She fool... ...ntly to her workers, Idiots You could never say anything intelligent to a nigger. Mrs. May in Greenleaf shows her disgust toward African Americans when she asks her son, What nice girl wants to marry a nigger-insurance man? She is appalled that her son sells insurance to African Americans for a living and is positive(p) that no decent woman would ever consider marrying him with this sort of career. A Good Man is Hard to Find, Revelation, and Greenleaf depict these three characters as haughty, self-righteous females who view everyone around them to be inferior beings. Of course, the several(predicate) and similar histories and experiences of their lives shaped them all. Sadly though, the sum total of all they had lived amounted to cipher more than overflowing bitterness and hatred obviously, ignorance was in splendid turn in during Oconnors writing.

God. Creator or Poet? :: Religion Religious God Essays

God. Creator or Poet?The Latin word poet government agency creator. Humans, realizing they ar different from animals in the world, eat been trying to switch moody things and themselves to the world ever since. Poets and writers used to come up with these far off imaginative ways of how to answer questions of life almost to explain it in a philosophical way. Who were the first humans? How did they come to be? What do the sun and the moon and the stars? Why the animals were made the way they were? What caused night and day, the seasons, the motorcycle of life itself? Why were almost people greedy and some unselfish, some ugly and some handsome, some dull and some clever? As people pondered these questions and many more, they created stories that helped explain the world to their primitive minds. Storytellers told these tales over again and again around the fires of the early tribes, by the hearth of humble cottages, before the enceinte fire in the kings hall they tol d them as they sat in the crazy weed huts of the jungle, the Hogans of the Navajo, and the igloos of the Eskimo. Their children told them, and their childrens children, until the stories were smooth and polished. And so people created their myths and their folktales, their legends and epics the literature of the fireside, the poetry of the people, and the memory of humankind. They intercommunicate what made them understand the unknown. However scholars choose to look at them, folktales and myths are literature derived from human imagination to explain the human condition. Literature today continues to express our c at oncern about human strengths, weaknesses, and the individuals relationships to the world and to other people. This opinion came up by Euhemerus in 300 B.C. He began the theory that once one war hero became respected and dies, people pass on their name while embellishing their heroic story. Soon, people forgot the fact that this hero was nonetheless human. Now, the hero was a God an immortal God. The vast body of traditionalistic literature was shaped verbally by generation after generation, only if because oral language was then the only language. (Even today, writing is far from universal. Of 2796 languages in the world, all have an oral form, but only about 153 have a written form.

B2B v. B2C Supply Chains Essay example -- Compare Contrast Business Co

B2B v. B2C Supply range of a functionsIntroductionIn the age of technology stemma has come a long way and evolved tremendously. It used to be that brick and plaster was the only way to open and run a lineage. However, the internet has changed exclusively in all of that now barteres can use technology to reach customers and another(prenominal) businesses all over the world. This has caused a great surge in the world all-embracing economy. In 2003 Business to Business (B2B) commerce tipped the scales at $1.41 Trillion. This is in comparison to Business to Consumer (B2C) that was $90.1 Billion (Naraine, R.2003). All of these purchases need to get transported and that is where businesses translate scopes come in play. Contrary to popular belief the cut chains of B2B and B2C are not the same both have strange qualities. This paper testament define the term cede chain. hence it will define the terms B2B and B2C. Finally, it will explain how the supply chain differs on a B2 C site compared to a B2B site and provide examples. Supply ChainAccording to learnthat.com a supply chain is the series of channels a product takes from its initial production to reach its finally last (Learn That, 2004). A typical example of this chain of events that occurs in everyday intent would be when a guest walks into a fanny Store and purchases a X Box Game. The supply chain begins with the guest and the need for the game. Then it continues to the brick and mortar store. This Target store receives its product from the Target Distribution Center. The Target Distribution center receives the product from the manufacturer. Finally, the manufacturer receives the raw products from several other suppliers. This basic supply chain is liquid and continuously goes back and forth. B2B When batch hear B2B or business to business they might recall the unspotted image of an old style ice salesman traveling from business to business delivering ice in order for them to keep their merc handise cold. Fast in the lead 60 years and now B2B eCommerce occurs when companies are buying from and selling to one and other online. B2B eCommerce has evolved past just basic purchasing. It now encompasses supply chain management as more organizations continue to outsource parts of their supply chain to their trading partners (Varon, E., 2001).B2CB2C is pretty straight forward with the title business to consumer, it conjur... ... scale b2b versus the smaller and ever longer b2c. These both are until now extremely successful in creating a more global economy and with improvements should provide continuing success. ReferencesNaraine,R., 2003, B2C Goes From Rags to Riches, retrieved from the World Wide sack up on http//www.internetnews.com/stats/article.php/2196821 orbicular Market, 2004, B2B Market Trends, retrieved from the World Wide Web on http//www.ewowfacts.com/pdfs/chap04/33.pdfLearn That, 2004, rendering of Supply Chain, retrieved from the World Wide Web on http//www. learnthat.com/define/view.asp?id=339Varon, E., exalted 2001, The ABCs of B2B, retrieved from the World Wide Web on http//www.cio.com/ec/ curve/b2babc.htmlPatton,S., August, 2001, The ABCs of B2C, retrieved from the World Wide Web onhttp//www.cio.com/ec/edit/b2cabc.htmlMarketing Profs, 2005, What differentiates B2C supply chain from B2B? retrieved from the World Wide Web on http//www.marketingprofs.com/ea/qst_question.asp?qstID=7770CIO Decisions, 2005, Executive Guide B2B Integration, retrieved from the World Wide Web on http//searchcio.techtarget.com/generic/0,295582,sid19_gci1067719,00.html?bucket=REF

Free College Admissions Essays: Jewish Self-discovery :: College Admissions Essays

Judaic Self-discovery   Sarah, we choose your help in the Ukraine this summer. Can I count on you? This incertitude changed my life profoundly. I was asked to be a counselor on JOLT, Jewish Oversees Leadership Program, an opportunity to interact with young campers in an impoverished ground and positively influence their lives. Little did I realize that this experience would bear on mine so greatly.   JOLT, an outreach program, runs an annual over nighttime summer camp in the Ukraine with counselors from the United States and Israel. These counselors are carefully selected because of the rigorous programming and the many carnal hardships of living in the Ukraine. Over one hundred local children interject to Charkov to learn about their Jewish background. As one of the counselors, I had the favour and extraordinary task of exposing them to the beauty of our religion and heritage.   I remember the trouble and excitement that I felt as I exited the plane with twen ty dollar bill other high school students, embarking on my summer teaching experience, enquire if I was fully prepared. The moment the busloads of children arrived, I attached myself to a collection of kids and started singing and dancing with them. Despite my initial fears, we began to form a bond. My division changed from that of a teenager to that of a responsible counselor. Not only was I here to teach them about Judaism through classes and activities, but more significantly I was acting as a role model. For the majority of Ukrainian children, we were the first Americans they had ever met and, therefore, were watched vigilantly and constantly emulated. This humbling realization make me feel rather self-conscious at first. However, their desire to imitate as well as heightened the impact of that which we taught them. They wanted to learn. Although an immense language barrier lay between the campers and me, we managed to communicate through translators, hand signals, songs, an d broken English and Russian.   With the help of a book that contained both the Hebraical and Russian, I taught Hebrew to a free radical of ten children who had never before been exposed to Judaism. Glieb, a ten-year old male child rapidly rose to the top of the class. In addition to the mandatory hours of unremarkable learning, he was motivated to extend these sessions. So often at night after the fun and entertainment, he and I would practice reading Hebrew and we discussed, in simple terms, aspects of Jewish ritual that fascinated him.

Eastern Cougars, Maybe :: Animals Cougars Cougar Papers

Eastern Cougars, possibly(1) Most Field and Stream enthusiasts know that cougars are a fast(a) and agile animal that can live for many years with no real predator other than humans. Another name for the cougar is the surface used mountain lion which many Eastern states let named stores, schools, and blush sports teams after. The distinction that the Mississippi river stops cougars from traveling into Eastern states cant be proven be suffer at that place are many animals in the westernmost that are in the East. In Craig springer spaniels A hear recite of Cougar article posted in the Field and Stream cartridge depicts falsehood due to three interesting fallacies, a fallacy of mismanagement and two causal fallacies. SS-1 (2) One of Professor Downes fallacies of distraction is linked to Craig Springers article in several aspects. The fallacy, argument from ignorance states that, Arguments of this form mount that since something has not been proven true, it is therefo re false. An example of this type of fallacy is seen in the first sentence of the article, Cougars in the East are the equivalent of UFO,s,says range Dowling. This record is suggesting that there are no cougars in the East because they harbourt been identified. There may be actual cougars roaming the East still though there is no specific proof. Then again, there is no specific proof that there are not cougars in the East. Therefore, this statement is just an argument of ignorance from Mark Dowlings point of view. (3) The article as well contains two causal fallacies, a fallacy of tortuous cause and a fallacy of genuine but insignificant cause. According to Downes the fallacy of complex cause states that, The effect is caused by a number of objects or events of which the cause identified is only a part. The article suggests this in the sentence, People say theyve seen cougars in the East, but there is no concrete evidence - subject matter no DNA, no skeletal remains. Con crete evidence can be more than DNA or skeletal remains. For whiz reason, it would be unassailable to find any DNA or Skeletal remains because there is no real Eastern predator to kill a cougar. Plus, cougars have many animals to feed on in the Eastern states so it would issuance awhile for a cougar to die. Cougars live in secluded areas, if one would happen to die it would most likely be eaten by scavengers to begin with any human could identify it and get a sample of DNA.

Average Student Reaches For Above-Average Success :: Interview Essay

Average Student Reaches For Above-Average Success With her curly cop pinned up and her leg shaking nervously, Tricia searches for both potential employers to work for and higher-ups programs on the Internet. In the midst of her psychology textbooks lay pile of GRE practice tests and refine school applications. For the past course of instruction this has been a free-and-easy ritual. As she clicks around, her eyes glaze over and a headache sets in but she tells herself to stay focused. Graduation is quickly approaching, and she feels a lot of tweet to figure out what she is qualifying to do next year.In May, Tricia go out graduate from Kings College with a Bachelors floor in Psychology. My options are limited, especially in todays world. Four-year degrees assumet matter anymore higher degrees are whats expected. With a four-year degree in Psychology I could be a counselor-at-law Counselor at a High School or con Psychology classes at a Community College. But as for what I want to do- Forensics- I need Graduate School, specifically in Forensics and in that respect are only ten schools that have it. Its very competitive, says Tricia Buchanan.Tricia has worn-out(a) the last year researching Graduate schools to prepare for next year. I started looking for in July for Graduate schools. I had my mind set on going to Graduate school in August after graduation and that I wasnt going to work. So, I spent the majority of this school year taking GRE practice tests, studying, getting applications, meeting with the career planning and position office, and talking to teachers, says Tricia.Average Student Discouraged by GREsTricias plan changed in December. Suddenly all of those visions of getting into a Graduate school and moving ahead towards her goal, Forensics, were wiped away. All those hours studying seemed like belittled time.In December I decided I was going to go the job route. I changed my mind because I got discouraged. I felt I need ed a break from school and some time off. The GREs were a lot harder than I thought they were going to be. Also, I recognize how competitive Graduate schools are. I am an average student. I put ont have any experience. Graduate schools in my program assert heavily on GRE scores, your cumulative GPA, and work experience, says Tricia.

Doing Business in Thailand :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Doing Business in ThailandThailands thriving economy has encouraged me to lead astray a new business birth with a highly recognized Thai company. I manufacturer a line of products for the sugar processing industry. I recently signed a one-year contract with Thai Chemiclas and Engineering Co. Ltd., located in Bangkok, to be my exclusive representative in the Thailand ara. Thai Chemicals and Engineering will elicit my product line and get it into the all the sugar mills in the area. They will purchase two containers per month for which we have negotiated a congenial price. The containers will be shipping out of Savannah, Georgia with a final destination of the port of Bangkok. The shipping terms will be CIF Bangkok. I decided to use a local company to represent my product line for various reasons. First of all, I need someone that knows the culture and business environment who has an established relationship with other locals. Once my products die known, I would l ike to establish a factory in Thailand. Therefore, I found it necessary to gather all the information required to begin a new business in Thailand. Establishing Business or a FactoryAlthough business can be 100 % owned by foreign investors, some are reserved for 51 % Thai ownership. battalion of any nationalities can participate in ownership to varying degrees finished sole ownership, a modified company /corporation, an ordinary partnership, a limited partnership, or a branch of a foreign corporation. The Ministry of Commerces Department of commercialised Registration is directly in charge of company registration. The Stock exchange of ThailandThe Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) is a well-developed financial institution which welcomes foreign investment.tax incomeCorporate income tax rate is 30%TransportBangkoks modern get into Muang International Airport can easily serve your arrivals or connections. Thailand is outfit with an extensive and ever-developing transpo rt infrastructure and an extensive state-run rail system. There are numerous shipping ports including Bangkoks Klong Toey Port and the Eastern Seaboards Mab Ta Phut and Laem Chabang deep-sea ports indoors 200 kilometres of Bangkok. Working HoursTypical business hours are for banks and financial institutions, Monday - Friday 930 a.m. - 330 p.m. Government offices, Monday -Friday 830 a.m. - 430 p.m. (closed noon - 1 p.m.) private business, Monday - Friday from 830 p.